Marysville Police Officer Osmar Rodarte was killed during a close-quarters shootout with a suspected drug dealer after he and another officer found the suspect holding a gun
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The Egyptians weren’t the first to build Pyramids. An ancient civilization in America, more precisely Peru, built stunning pyramids 500 years before the Ancient Egyptians. This ancient culture is considered as the oldest ‘developed’ civilization in America, and it predates by up to 1,500 years, other advanced cultures in America like the Olmec civilization in Mexico. Over 5,000 years ago, an ancient civilization in Peru created incredible Pyramids equally stunning when compared to the Pyramids erected by the ancient Egyptians. The Pyramids of Peru are believed to predate the Pyramids of the Giza plateau by at least 500 years. Caral is an archaeological site where we find the remains of the main city of the ancient civilization of Caral.  Located in the valley of Supe, 182 kilometers north of Lima (Peru), 23 km from the coast and 350 meters above sea level, this ancient civilization existed in the region more than 5,000 years ago and is considered the oldest city in America. So far, nowhere in America have archaeologists discovered the remains of a city with temples, monuments, and Pyramids with such a vast diversity. The ancient city of Caral has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The ancient civilization of Caral is contemporary with other ancient civilizations such as those of Egypt, India, Sumeria, China, but unlike them (which participated at least partially with the external world), Caral was developed in complete isolation.  In America, it is the oldest of the pre-Hispanic civilizations, surpassing by 1,500 years the Olmec civilization, another important civilization located in Mesoamerica. The age of the civilization of Caral was confirmed through 146 radiocarbon dating tests performed by laboratories from the United States. According to these, Caral is approximately 5,000 years old, meaning that it developed more than 1,500 thousand years before any other major culture in America. The Pyramids of Caral are another reason why this culture is more than extraordinary. We find Pyramids of various sizes at Caral. There are 7 large pyramids in Caral surrounded by several smaller ones, adding up to 32 structures in total.  Its builders organized the city in 2 sectors: one to the north and another one to the south. An old dry cause divides both sides. In the upper sector, there are 6 main pyramids surrounding an empty space. In the lower sector the Pyramid of the Amphitheater and several minor buildings aligned with it stands out. Each of the Pyramids of Carl served different functions, each fulfilling a different role in the social and religious order of its inhabitants.  The Pyramids of Caral: The Main Pyramid or ‘Piramide Mayor’ is 153.52 meters in length, 109.42 meters wide, and has a height of 28 meters. It consists of a stepped pyramid and a circular square attached to its façade. A long staircase 9 meters wide ascends 28 meters in height. The so-called ‘Piramide de la Cantera’ has 78 meters in length, a width of 56 meters and a height of 13.40 meters. The Lower Pyramid or ‘Piramide Menor’ has a length of 45.80 meters, a width of 37 meters and a height of 7.50 meters. Caral also features the so-called ‘Piramide de la Galeria’ which is 110 meters in length, it has a width of 80 meters and a height of 17 meters. The Pyramid of Huanaca has a length and width of 55 meters, and a height of 12 meters. The Amphitheater Pyramid of Caral is the largest one with a length of 155 meters. IT is 81 meters wide and has a height of 11 meters. The smallest of the Pyramids at Caral is the Pyramid of the circular altar which is 42.60 metes in length, it has a width of 28 meters, and a height of only 4 meters. In addition to the fact that Caral is one of the oldest ancient civilizations in America, and features some of the oldest Pyramids on Earth, their culture is equally stunning because of their technological development. Caral was one of the most advanced ancient cultures on Earth, 5,000 years ago. As noted by andina.com.pe: “As for energy exploitation and fluid mechanics, Caral took advantage of the wind, now known as the Venturi Effect, by channeling it through underground ducts in order to achieve high temperatures through bonfires.” “As for pharmacology, we found that Caral inhabitants used willow —containing the *active chemical ingredient in aspirin*— to relieve pain such as headaches.” Website andina.com.pe further notes: “Another highlight was the civil engineering, which continues to amaze since scientists applied the seismic resistance technology to the over-5000-year-old constructions.” One of the most important things worth mentioning about Caral is that no weapons, mutilated bodies or any signs of warfare are present on the site. This according to scholars, points to the fact that Caral was a diplomatic and highly developed culture. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) has a data scale problem. There are just too many places to look for an interstellar signal, and even if you’re looking in the right place you could be looking at the wrong frequency or at the wrong time. Several strategies have come up to narrow the search given this overabundance of data, and a new paper posted to the arXiv preprint server from Naoki Seto of Kyoto University falls nicely into that category—by using the Brightest Of All Time (BOAT) gamma ray burst, with some help from our own galaxy.
Astronomers from South Africa have conducted multi-band observations of a nearby dwarf irregular galaxy known as UGCA 320. Results of the observational campaign, recently published on the arXiv preprint server, yield important insights into the nature of this galaxy.
For decades, scientists engaged in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) have probed the galaxy for signs of artificial radio transmissions. Beginning with Project Ozma in 1960, astronomers have used radio antennas to listen for possible transmissions from other star systems or galaxies.
Scientists digging through data collected by the Cassini spacecraft have found new complex organic molecules spewing from Saturn’s moon Enceladus. This is a clear sign that complex chemical reactions are taking place within its underground ocean. Some of these reactions could be part of chains that lead to even more complex, potentially biologically relevant molecules.
Nobel laureate Dr. George Smoot, who conducted groundbreaking research into the origins of the universe during a long career at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, has died, the school said. He was 80.
Optical clocks are highly precise timekeeping devices that measure time by tracking the oscillations of light, as opposed to microwaves, like conventional atomic clocks. The accuracy of these clocks heavily depends on the ability to identify narrow so-called atomic transitions, which are essentially changes in the energy state of electrons in an ion or atom.
In the 17th century, astronomers Christiaan Huygens and Giovanni Cassini trained their telescopes on Saturn and uncovered a startling truth: the planet’s luminous bands were not solid appendages, but vast, separate rings composed of countless nested arcs.
Billions of years ago, water flowed across Mars. Most scientists agree the red planet had rivers. But did those rivers flow into an ocean? New research from the University of Arkansas found strong evidence in Mars’ geology of an ocean in the planet’s northern hemisphere.
Whether an asteroid is spinning neatly on its axis or tumbling chaotically, and how fast it is doing so, has been shown to be dependent on how frequently it has experienced collisions. The findings, presented at the recent EPSC-DPS2025 Joint Meeting in Helsinki, are based on data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission and provide a means of determining an asteroid’s physical properties—information that is vital for successfully deflecting asteroids on a collision course with Earth.
Researchers from the Yunnan Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have unveiled a neural network-based automated method for identifying heartbeat stars—a rare type of binary star system. Their findings are published in The Astronomical Journal.
The marimo (Aegagropila brownii), a nationally designated Special Natural Monument of Japan, inhabits Lake Akan in Hokkaido, where environmental conditions fluctuate drastically with the seasons. Of particular concern is the period immediately after ice melt in early spring, when low water temperatures coincide with strong sunlight, posing a risk of severe damage to photosynthetic activity.
“After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug. In Eridug, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years.” According to the accounts written down on the Sumerian King List, Eight ancient kings ruled over ancient Mesopotamia for a period of 241,200 years, before the Great Flood. Despite the fact that the Sumerian King list names all rules who reigned over the lands of ancient Mesopotamia. Curiously, some of them are recorded having implausibly lengthy reigns.  Those are the first 8 rulers who according to the list, ruled for 241,200 years. According to experts, none of the predynastic antediluvian rulers have so far been verified as historically accurate leaders by archaeological excavations, epigraphical inscriptions or otherwise. The reign of antediluvian rulers was measured in sars, periods of 3600 years, ners, units of 600, and sosses units of 60. The Sumerian King List states: “After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug. In Eridug, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years.” Alulim—28,800 years. The first king to rule was Alulim, who ruled for 8 Sars, meaning a total of 28,800 years. He was the First ruler of Eridu, and the first king of Sumer. It is believed that Enki, the creator God and patron God od Eridu brought civilization to Sumer at this point. Alalngar—36,000 years. Alalngar was the second king of Eridu, and the predecessor of Alulim. The Sumerian King list states that he ruled for 36,000 years after which he was succeeded by En-men-lu-ana of Bad-tibira. “Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira.” En-men-lu-ana—43,200 years The next ruler who was king after Eridug fell was En-men-lu-ana who ruled for 43,200 years. According to the Sumerian King List, En-men-lu-ana was the third pre-dynastic ruler of ancient Sumer, and was the ‘longest reigning king’ according to historical accounts written down on the Sumerian King List. En-men-gal-ana—28,800 years. According to the Sumerian King List the fourth pre-dynastic ruler of Ancient Sumer was En-men-gal-ana who ruled for 28,800 years. He was succeeded by Dumuzid, the Shepherd—36,000 years. Dumuzid, commonly referred to as the ‘Shephard’ was the fifth pre-dynastic ruler that, according to the ancient Sumerian King List ruled of Sumer before the Deluge. According to historical accounts, he ruled for 36,000 years. Dumuzid is mentioned sometimes as the Son of Enki. “Then Bad-tibira fell and the kingship was taken to Larag.” After the fall of Bad-tibira, the Sumerian King List indicates En-sipad-zid-ana as the next ruler. En-sipad-zid-ana—28,800 years. En-sipad-zid-ana is mentioned as the sixth pre-dynastic ruler of ancient Sumer before the Deluge. According to the Sumerian King List, he ruled for 28,800 years. “Then Larag fell and the kingship was taken to Zimbir.” En-men-dur-ana—21,000 years. The following ruler mentioned in the Sumerian King List after the fall of Larag is En-men-dur-ana, who was the seventh pre-dynastic king of Sumer and ruled for a total of 21,000 years. “Then Zimbir fell and the kingship was taken to Shuruppag.” After the fall of Zimbir, Ubara-Tutu ruled over ancient Sumer for a period of 18,600 years. Ubara-Tutu was the eighth and final pre-dynastic ruler of ancient Sumer, as noted in the Sumerian King List. Ubara-tutu is believed to have live until the great deluge swept over the land. The rule of all eight kings totals 241,200 years. “Then the flood swept over.” |
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