Sprawled across the Australian continent lies a network of invisible pathways known to the aborigine as ‘Footprints of the Ancestors’. In the West, we know them as ‘Song Lines’ and ‘Dream-Tracks’. They were part of the aboriginal creation myth which spoke of legendary beings who wandered the earth, singing out the name of everything that crossed their path – birds, animals, plants, rocks, waterholes – and so singing the world into existence.

Each tribe had their own songline, passed down to them by their ancestors. It was their responsibility to preserve these sacred chants and follow the laws and traditions contained within. They had a duty to protect their songlines, for an unsung territory eventually became a wasteland. If the songs were forgotten, the land itself would wither and die. By singing a landmarks creation song, the country would come to life and flourish with health and vigor.

A songline also acts as a map and compass. Providing an aboriginal person knew the song, they could always find their way across the country. A man on a “Walkabout” will always travel down one of their Songlines. If he were to stray from his dream-track, he would be trespassing on somebody else’s land. As long as he stuck to the track, he’d always find people who shared his Dreaming, from whom he could expect hospitality.

In theory, the whole of Australia could be read as a musical score (known as a song map). There is hardly a rock or creek in the country that cannot be sung. You can visualize Songlines as a labyrinth of epic stories, turning this way and that, in which every sacred site can be read in terms of its geology, function, and legends associated with it.

Anywhere in the bush you can point to some feature of the landscape and ask an Aboriginal person, “What’s the story there?” or “Who’s that?” The chances are they’ll answer “Kangaroo” or “Budgerigar” or “Jew Lizard”, depending on which Ancestor who walked that way. ‘And the distance between two such sites can be measured as a stretch of a song.

This article was written by Simon E. Davies. Contributor at Ancient-Code.com 

The Land of the Pharaohs as I like to call Egypt is filled with incredible tales. Spanning back thousands of years, the Ancient Egyptian civilization left its mark in the history books forever.

Erecting some of the most amazing monuments on the planet, the ancient Egyptians were experts in a number of things ranging from astronomy, medicine, to engineering and writing.

Ancient Egypt’s culture is replete with mythology, and much of their history is a mixture between actually verifiable accounts, and those tucked away in myths, through which the ancient Egyptians tried explaining events that occurred and that were difficult to explain: The reasons for death, diseases, harvests, etc.

Everything we see is related in one way or another to incredible stories, mythologies, and beliefs which is precisely why the ancient Egyptians created countless of symbols through which everything was explained.

In this article, I invite you to travel through time with me, as we explore some of the most important ancient Symbols used by the Egyptian civilization thousands of years ago.

The Ankh

Without a doubt, one of the most famous symbols connected to the ancient Egyptian civilization is the Ankh ☥, also known as “crux ansata.” This ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic ideograph symbolizing “life.”

Many Ancient Egyptian Gods are portrayed as carrying the Ankh by its loop. The symbol is often featured in hand or proximity of nearly every deity in the Egyptian pantheon, including in illustrations of the pharaohs.

The Uraeus

Another popular symbol used in ancient Egypt was the Uraeus. The Uraeus is the stylized, upright form of an Egyptian cobra. The symbol represents sovereignty, royalty, deity and divine authority in ancient Egypt. The mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun features a Uraeus.

The Eye Of Horus

Another extremely well known ancient Egyptian Symbol is the so-called Eye of Horus ?.

The symbol was widely recognized as an emblem of protection, royal power, and good health. In ancient Egypt, the Eye is personified in the goddess Wadjet, the patron and protector of Lower Egypt and upon unification with Upper Egypt, the joint protector, and patron of all of Egypt “goddess” of Upper Egypt.

Horus is an ancient Egyptian God usually depicted as a falcon. Horus’ right eye was connected with the Sun God Ra.

The Sesen-Lots Flower

Another ancient Egyptian symbol that represents life, creating, rebirth and the sun is the Sesen. This ancient Egyptian symbol is believed to have appeared during the Early Dynastic Period, although it became most popular from the Old Kingdom onwards. The Sesen is symbolized as a lotus flower which we see widespread in ancient Egyptian art.

The Scarab

The Scarab was an extremely important ancient Egyptian symbol represented in the form of the dung beetle.

The symbol was associated with the divine manifestation of the morning sun Khepri, who was believed to roll the disk of the morning sun over the eastern horizon at daybreak.

The symbol of the Scarab was extremely popular in amulets and impression seals in the ancient Egyptian culture.

The Djed

This symbol is considered one of the most ancient symbols of the Egyptian culture. The symbol represents stability and is associated with the God Ptah and Osiris.

When representing Osiris, the symbol was often combined “with a pair of eyes between the crossbars and holding the crook and flail.”

Furthermore, the Djed Pillar is the oldest symbol of Osiris and was of great religious significance to the ancient Egyptians.

On a curious note, the ancient Egyptian maintained that the Djed Pillars were used in the four corner of the earth, keeping the earth in place.

The Was—The Was Scepter

This is one of the ancient Egyptian symbols that was often depicted together with the Ankh Cross.

The Was is believed to have represented a ceremonial staff.

The Was symbol is depicted in the hands of a number of ancient Egyptian Gods, particularly Anubis and Set.

On a personal note, it is one of the strangest symbols I’ve seen.

Curiously, depending on how it was written, the symbol sometimes gave off the impression of being an emblem representing a being with an elongated head, a thin body. But that’s just me.

Tyet—The Knot of Isis

The so-called tyet is an ancient Egyptian symbol connected to the goddess Isis. The symbol is eerily similar to the Ankh cross. The Tyet has arms that are curved downwards. It is believed it signifies welfare and life.

During the early New Kingdom, Tyet amulets were buried with the dead. In Chapter 156 of the Book of the Dead, a New Kingdom funerary text, calls for a tyet amulet produced of red jasper to be put at the neck of a mummy, stating “the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy’s] body” and that the amulet “will drive away whoever would commit a crime against him.”

The Ben-Ben

This ancient symbol is “the best-known symbol from ancient Egypt, after the ankh, even if one does not recognize the name.”

As noted by ancient.eu, the ben-ben was the primordial mound upon which the God Atum stood at the beginning of creation.

The symbol is connected to the pyramids, as these structures represent the ben-ben as the rise from the Earth towards the heaven.

The Crook & Flail

Another extremely popular symbol in Ancient Egyptian art is the Crook and Flail.

This symbol represents power and majesty of the king. Like many other symbols, this too was associated with Osiris and his early rule on Earth. Egyptian Pharaohs carried these symbols in important ceremonies. The coffinette of Tutankhamun has the Crook and Flail symbol represented on its surface.

Akhenaten—Egypts most heretic ruler—was often depicted with the crook and flail.

40,000 years ago, a mysterious people—possibly explorers—lived in Argentina.

Archaeologists have uncovered remarkably well-preserved human remains that date back around 40,000 years in Argentina. These skeletal remains are not only the oldest in Argentina, but could be the oldest human remains ever discovered in South America.

Don’t you just love when archeology digs up something like this? It changes everything, yet it changes nothing,

The more we dig, the more we understand how little we know.

A team of archaeologists led by professor Carlos Aschero had discovered what is believed to be evidence of the oldest human occupation in Argentina, and possibly in South America.

The discovery was made in Antofagasta de la Sierra, a province of Catamarca, Argentina.

Ancient Explorers?

40,000 years ago a group of people—possibly explorers—lived between the northwest of Catamarca and part of Salta, in the area that integrates the salty Puna.

It is unknown how long the group remained in the Argentine Northwest, but their traces were very well preserved in the desert lands, at more than 3,500 meters above sea level.

Antofagasta de la Sierra is almost 600 kilometers north of the capital of Catamarca.

Its climate is rigorous, cold and dry, with minimum temperatures below 0 ºC.

It is precisely the above-mentioned conditions that most likely made it possible for the remains to remain as well preserved as frozen over time.

It was an extensive search.

In fact, researchers excavated 4 kilometers in the upper section of the Punilla River, in a small ravine known as Cacao.

More precisely in a cave which houses a huge variety of rock art and various stone structures.

There, archaeologists recovered two strands of human hair, which had been cut.

They also found stone tools used for cutting and scraping, copper earrings, as well as bone fragments (complete ribs and tooth remains).

Previous to this discovery, the scientific community maintained that the oldest human presence in the area could be traced back around 10,000 years.

However, the discovery offers new insight into the human population in the area, changing everything we thought we knew about South America and its early inhabitants.

The tests used to determine the age of the skeletal remains were carried out in two specialized laboratories in the USA. (Arizona and CAIS-UGA) using radiocarbon dating.

Jorge Martinez, an archaeologist at the National University of Tucumán and a researcher at the Higher Institute of Social Studies of CONICET, said that the oldest traces of human presence in Argentina prior to this, were located in the province of Buenos Aires (Pampean region), and  can be traced back to around 14,000 years.

Meanwhile, in Latin America in general, the oldest alleged human remains are located in Piedra Furada (Brazil), these remains date back between 27,000 and 30,000 years.

However, Martínez believes that the skeletal remains discovered in Brazil are very controversial, among other things due to the method by which their age was determined.

According to reports, scientists used Radiometric dating to determine the age of the skeletal remains from Brazil. Radiometric dating is a technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed, reports El Litoral.

DNA tests will reveal more

Martinez looks forward to learning more about the skeletal remains discovered in Argentina after DNA tests result are done.

Experts will then know who these mysterious people were, and to what genetic lineage they belong to.

“The theory that prevails is that the inhabitants of America came from Asia through the Bering Strait and that they belong to four great lineages. We want to corroborate or refute that origin, perhaps we will find they belong to a different ancestry,” he ventured out saying.

These discoveries offer a wealth of previously unknown information to experts.

“It means that the settlement processes were pervasive and diverse. And those records correspond to the Puna, where there is a lot of height and a complicated climate. What can we imagine of the occupation that could have existed in much lower areas, where life is easier! “, Professor Aschero surmised.

Source: TELAM

Article originally posted by ipetricevic.com. Reprinted with permission.