Researchers at the Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) have definitively resolved a two-decade-long controversy regarding the direction of electron spin on the surface of gold.
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The Yoruba people are based in Nigeria, Benin, and Togo. Their religion dates back to the Stone Age but was influenced by the spread of agriculture from the Middle East around 600 BCE. Originally their gods represented the raw elements of nature, such as rivers, storms, and forests, but with the advent of farming, metallurgy and city building, the Yoruban gods took on a more anthropomorphic appearance. The twelve goddesses described here are known as the Orisha (divine spirits) who are protective deities, often teaching their followers the secrets of the natural world. The Orisha are said to be manifestations of an all-powerful God, (a belief known as Pantheism). Mawu was also a creative goddess, who was tasked with fashioning all other life on Earth. With the help of an Aido Hwedo, a primeval serpent, and Awe, a divine monkey, they shaped all the worlds living creatures out of clay. Another daughter of Nana is Olokun, an ocean goddess. She possesses an unfathomable wisdom and governs over an esoteric world of dreams, psychism, meditation, and healing. She guides her followers between the world of the dead and the living, preserving the memories of their ancestors. Olokun is the mother of Odudua, an ancient Earth Goddess, and battle maiden. She presides over womanhood, fertility, and life. As a guardian of the earth, she has been known to take the guise of a formidable warrior when necessary to protect those she loves. She is the mother of Yemaja. Yemaja is a mother goddess, patron of pregnancy and children. She resides over the Ogun river, whose waters are said to cure infertility. Her son, Orungan, raped her when her guard was down, and in grief she exploded, her self-sacrifice creating fifteen Orishas. They include her daughters Ayao and Oya. Ayao is an air goddess. She can manifest as a gentle breeze or in the eye of a raging tornado. She works closely with Osain and is a fierce warrior. Ayao has among her implements a crossbow with serpent arrows, a quill, and nine stones. Oya is a storm goddess who wields fire and magic (which she stole from her husband, Shango). She can summon lightning and tornadoes be whirling her skirt in a dance. With her destructive qualities, she brings change to the cosmos, an important element of the balance of life. She is also a guardian to the underworld, helping people transition from the world of flesh to the realm of spirit. Oshun is the goddess of love, intimacy, and marriage. She is kind and generous to her followers, but when brought to anger she can cause untold destruction. As Orisha of love, Oshun is represented as a beautiful, charming and coquettish young woman. In some tales, she is said to be a mermaid. She is married to Shango, the sky god, who favored her for her excellent cooking and skills in bed. Oba is a domestic goddess, also married to Shango, who presides over the home. At a time when the Gods were starving, she offered him her ear to eat, and he scorned her. Grieving, her tears created the Oba river which intersects with the Oshun river. The rapids formed between these two rivers symbolize the rivalry between the two wives, a most turbulent relationship. Aja is a patron of the forest and all the animals within it. She holds the secrets of botany and is a master of potions and healing herbs. She passed this skill to the Yoruban people, who practice her craft to this very day. Aje is the goddess of wealth and prosperity. She often confers riches and good fortune on his followers. Her emblem is a large seashell which she uses as a currency. She is also the patron of dyes and colors. Egungun-Oya is a goddess of divination. Her followers often hold festivals in her honor to commemorate the dead. These masquerades are performed twice a year, as well as during funeral rites. Her masquerades include the making of offerings as well as the honoring of ancestors in thanks for past and future aid. The Orishas found their way into the New World via the Atlantic slave trade hundreds of years ago, and are now worshipped in many traditions such as Santeria, Umbanda, Candomblé, and has even the Vodou faith. The Orisha deities now enjoy a global following, flourishing in many parts of Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. ARTWORK Ayao by Navate Using the Two-meter Twin Telescope (TTT3), Spanish astronomers have conducted deep optical imaging of an isolated dwarf galaxy known as NGC 6789. Results of the new observations, presented November 10 on the arXiv preprint server, shed more light on the star formation process in this galaxy.
A broad association of researchers from across Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California, Berkeley have collaborated to perform an unprecedented simulation of a quantum microchip, a key step forward in perfecting the chips required for this next-generation technology. The simulation used more than 7,000 NVIDIA GPUs on the Perlmutter supercomputer at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) user facility.
Lord Vishnu is one of the principal Hindu deities. It is said he appeared many times on the Earth plane as a physical incarnation (known in Hinduism as an Avatar). Vishnu is said to manifest a portion of himself upon the Earth whenever evil pervades. One of his major roles is to uphold dharma (moral and religious law). This is said to have taken on 10 avatars in total.  This includes: 1. Matsya, the colossal fish. In some cases, Matsya was depicted as a human-fish hybrid (similar to a merman). He rescued Manu, the first man, from a great flood (similar to the Abrahamic story of Noah). It is likely both these stories were influenced by a common source. 2. Kurma, the great turtle. This avatar is associated with the very famous churning of the ocean story. While the devas and asuras were churning the ocean for the nectar of immortality, the mountain they were using began to sink in the soft ocean floor, so Vishnu became a turtle and rested the mountain on his back. 3. Varaha, the giant boar. In this incarnation, Vishnu’s lover was the Earth herself, known as Bhudevi. They lived at a time when the universe was full of primordial waters and the earth so small that it became engulfed by it. Varaha dove in and rescued the earth goddess, and the two lovers wed one another for life. 4. Narasimha, the Lion-man. This avatar was a great protector of the people, who safeguarded all devotees who needed his help. There was once a demon who was upset with his son worships of Vishnu, and planned to punish him. The demon was made immortal by Brahma, who said he could not be killed by human or beasts. Narasimha overcame this power by assuming the form of both, and vanquishing the demon, thus protecting his son from harm. 5. Vamana, the cosmic dwarf. In this incarnation, Vishnu visited Bali, the demon king, who had taken control of the entire universe. Vamana begged of him as much land as he could step over in three paces. Amused, the demon granted the request, only to be tricked when Vamana grew into a giant, and with one step covered the whole earth, and with the second step the heavens. With his last step, Vamana stepped on the demon king Bali, sending him down to the netherworld, where he rules today. 6. Parasurama, the superb warrior. Parasurama was a descendant of Brahma, and a student of Shiva. He was immortal, and lived during several other incarnations of Vishnu (including Krishna and Rama). He received a powerful axe after undertaking terrible penance to please Lord Shiva, who in turn taught him the martial arts. He trained for many decades before he mastered the secrets of kalaripayattu (said to be the first martial art). 7. Rama, the lord of virtue. The 7th incarnation of Vishnu was considered the perfect man. His devotion to and respect for his father is highly praised. His wife, Sita, was kidnapped by a demon and rescued by Rama and his monkey servant, Hanuman. He became one of the most widely worshipped Hindu deities, the embodiment of chivalry and virtue. 8. Krishna, the divine lover. Krishna was a mischievous child who grew to be a beautiful herdsman, whose music made the hearts of women swoon. A prophecy said he was born to overthrow an evil king and was overcome an army of demons. As an adult, he became a great warrior and culture hero, and in his later years he became a great teacher and philosopher. 9. Buddha, the great sage. Buddha was originally a Hindu prince named Siddhartha, born into a rich family. He had an easy life, living in Nepal. However, when he saw the suffering of old age, sickness and death, he decided to renounce his life in the palace and live among the holy men of the day in search of truth and enlightenment. After six years meditating, he became enlightened whilst sitting under a Bodhi tree. 10. Kalki, the harbinger. It is said that Kalki will appear at the end of the Kali Yuga (the last age, which we are currently in) to herald the end of the world. Prophecy dictates he will come riding to Earth upon a great white horse, wielding a blazing sword to destroy the darkness of the last age. ARTWORK: Vishnu by Cristian Chihaia Article written by Simon E. Davies, contributor to Ancient Code. At this point in history, astronomers and engineers who grew up watching “Deep Impact” and “Armageddon,” two movies about the destructive power of asteroid impacts, are likely in relatively high ranking positions at space agencies. “Don’t Look Up” also provided a more modern, though more pessimistic (or, unfortunately, realistic?), look at what might potentially happen if a “killer” asteroid is found on approach to Earth.
Most people interested in space exploration already know lunar dust is an absolute nightmare to deal with. We’ve already reported on numerous potential methods for dealing with it, from 3D printing landing pads so we don’t sand blast everything in a given area when a rocket lands, to using liquid nitrogen to push the dust off of clothing. But the fact remains that, for any long-term presence on the moon, dealing with the dust that resides there is one of the most critical tasks.
An international collaboration of physicists including researchers at Washington University in St. Louis has made measurements to better understand how matter falls into black holes and how enormous amounts of energy and light are released in the process.
An international team led by researchers from the University of Cologne has solved the mystery of an extraordinary phenomenon known as the “Diamond Ring” in the star-forming region Cygnus X, a huge, ring-shaped structure made of gas and dust that resembles a glowing diamond ring. In similar structures, the formations are not flat but spherical in shape. How this special shape came about was previously unknown.
A new study uncovered fresh chemical evidence of life in rocks more than 3.3 billion years old, along with molecular traces showing that oxygen-producing photosynthesis emerged nearly a billion years earlier than previously thought.
Researchers from Hanns-Christoph Nägerl’s group have produced the world’s first ultracold KCs molecules in their absolute ground state. Starting by mixing clouds of potassium and cesium atoms cooled almost to absolute zero temperature, they were able to use a combination of magnetic fields and laser beams to associate pairs of freely moving atoms into chemically stable molecules.
A novel beam diagnostic instrument developed by researchers in the University of Liverpool’s QUASAR Group has been approved for use in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world’s most powerful particle accelerator.
Ferroelectric materials are used in infrared cameras, medical ultrasounds, computer memory and actuators that turn electric properties into mechanical properties and vice-versa. Most of these essential materials, however, contain lead and can therefore be toxic.
Over the past several decades, researchers have been making rapid progress in harnessing light to enable all sorts of scientific and industrial applications. From creating stupendously accurate clocks to processing the petabytes of information zipping through data centers, the demand for turnkey technologies that can reliably generate and manipulate light has become a global market worth hundreds of billions of dollars.
Over the past decades, quantum physicists and engineers have developed numerous technologies that harness the principles of quantum mechanics to push the boundaries of classical information science. Among these advances, quantum memories stand out as promising devices for storing and retrieving quantum information encoded in light or other physical carriers.
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