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Securing sustainable food supplies is a key challenge for long-term human exploration and potential habitation of the moon. The moon’s soil contains no organic material, and essential plant nitrogen sources like ammonia and nitrate are virtually nonexistent.
Indonesian astronomers have conducted a comprehensive study of an open cluster in the constellation Norma, known as NGC 6134. Results of the new study, available in a research paper published June 23 on the preprint server arXiv, deliver important insights into the properties and nature of this cluster.
Astronomers have identified one of the most distant candidate galaxies known to leak ionizing radiation—the same kind of radiation thought to have transformed the early universe during the epoch of reionization.
NASA on Tuesday is set to launch a daring robotic rescue mission, a long-shot bid to prevent one of its aging telescopes from vanishing into dust.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is continuing to have a disruptive impact on ever more parts of humanity. But what does it mean in the long run? A new paper, available as a preprint on arXiv from Austrian researcher Sergey Ivliev, extrapolates what the wide-scale adoption of AI means for the future of humanity in space—and in particular, what it means for the ultimate question of whether we’re truly alone in the galaxy.
Giant mirrors in space have been a staple of science fiction for decades. But so far, there’s been very little work looking at the actual physics behind the concept—possibly because we’re still so far from making them ourselves. Still, they could potentially serve as a passive technosignature if we manage to find one. In order to do that, though, we have to understand what we’re looking for. That is the purpose of a new paper, available as a preprint on arXiv, by Shauna Sallmen of the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse and Eric Korpela of UC Berkeley.
A new Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) study based on data from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft has uncovered insights into why the solar wind gradually slows as it moves toward the edge of the solar system and the boundary with interstellar space. The study “The Gradual Slowing of the Solar Wind in the Outer Heliosphere” is published in The Astrophysical Journal.
Plutonium is one of the most complex elements in the periodic table. First synthesized and isolated in 1940 by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, plutonium has been studied closely for more than eight decades. It’s most often associated with its role in nuclear security, but it’s also vital to nuclear power, where it is produced in reactors and can be recycled as fuel. Despite plutonium’s importance, some of its most fundamental behaviors remain a mystery.
When a high-intensity laser interacts with plasma, the charged particles typically oscillate back and forth like waves on the ocean. But what if the laser itself could twist like a whirlpool? Researchers have now demonstrated a rotating, spring-shaped laser pulse, opening new possibilities for fusion energy, particle acceleration, astrophysics and beyond.
The ordinary graphite in pencil lead is proving to be surprisingly multifaceted at the microscale. In a study published in the journal Nature, MIT researchers report that a certain microscopic structure found in natural graphite can host multiple superconducting states. Superconductivity is an electronic state of matter in which electrons pair up and glide through a material with zero resistance.
An international research team has demonstrated that the intrinsic disorder of the compound semiconductor CuInSnS₄ can be exploited to influence its optical properties. While the atomic vibrations also sense the local disorder, their response is averaged over many different local environments and therefore appears isotropic, as expected for a cubic crystal.
For NASA’s next generation of deep-space exploration missions, spacecraft may need to refuel in Earth orbit before pushing farther into the solar system. Similar to how a gas pump needs a nozzle to fit your fuel tank, future spacecraft could require a special device in order to fill up before departure, known as a cryocoupler.
The 6-3 majority opinion states that people don’t forfeit expectations of privacy even when they opt into Google’s location history
A study conducted at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris uses images from NASA’s Dawn mission and a Bayesian inversion of the Hapke photometric model to analyze avalanches and ejecta deposits on the asteroid Vesta. The results show that the brightest deposits correspond to the most recently mobilized surfaces, offering a new way to track the evolution of regolith on airless bodies. The paper is published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.
An international team of quantum researchers has shown how machine learning can be used to filter a practically infinite number of possible material combinations to identify candidates for superconductivity. Thanks to the breakthrough, new superconductors can now be found much faster, says Aalto University Professor Päivi Törmä, who leads the SuperC consortium behind the research.
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