Moiré superlattices are periodic patterns formed when two or more thin semiconducting layers are stacked with a small twist angle or lattice mismatch. When 2D materials form these patterns, their electronic, mechanical, and optical properties can change significantly.
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Binary star systems are not rare. Neither are systems where one star is a remnant like a white dwarf or neutron star, and its companion is on the main sequence. In those systems, the dense remnant can draw material away from the main sequence star. This can create violent Type 1a supernovae in the case of a white dwarf, and the emission of extremely powerful X-rays in the case of a neutron star.
Focused laser-like light that covers a wide range of frequencies is highly desirable for many scientific studies and for many applications, for instance, quality control of manufacturing semiconductor electronic chips. But creating such broadband and coherent light has been difficult to achieve with anything but bulky, energy-hungry tabletop devices.
YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/pV_gXGTuWxY?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1 It has long been one of the greatest mathematical mysteries, but experts believe they have finally discovered the origin of the symbol currently used to designate the number zero. Reference to the number zero was found in the Bakhshali, an ancient Indian mathematical text discovered in 1881 whose recent carbon dating 14, carried out by Oxford University experts has traced it back to the third century, meaning its five centuries older than previously believed.  “Today we assume that the concept of zero is used everywhere and is fundamental to the digital world,” said Professor Marcus du Sautoy, lead author of the study. “But the creation of zero as a number, which evolved from the point found in the Bakhshali manuscript, was one of the greatest advances in the history of mathematics.” “We now know that it was as early as the 3rd century that mathematicians in India planted the seed of the idea that would later become so fundamental to the modern world. The findings show how vibrant mathematics have been in the Indian sub-continent for centuries.” Professor du Sautoy explained how the dot symbol was used as a “marker” to indicate orders of magnitude in a number system—for example, zero denoting the lack of tens in 101. And while zero as a marker is known in older cultures, such as the Babylonian or that of the ancient Maya, the symbol in the Indian manuscript is significant for two main reasons. The first is that this dot evolved to have a hollow center that we see in the zero symbol today. And the second is that it was only in India that zero evolved into what it is today, when Brahmagupta, an Indian astronomer, wrote the Brahmasphutasiddhanta text in the sixth century, the first document to mention zero as a number.  Previous research placed the Bakhshali manuscript between the 8th and 12th centuries, mostly based on the writing style. However, new studies reveal that the ancient manuscript—consisting of 70 extremely fragile leaves of birch bark—is in fact made out of material that is traced back to at least three different periods. Richard Ovenden, a librarian at the Bodley Library, which is home to the manuscript said how “Determining the date of the Bakhshali manuscript is of vital importance to the history of mathematics and the study of early South Asian culture and these surprising research results testify to the subcontinent’s rich and longstanding scientific tradition.” The ancient manuscript will soon go on public display at the Science Museum in London as part of an exhibition Illuminating ancient India: 5000 Years of Science and Innovation, opening on the 4th of October, 2017. While the early climate of Mars remains an open question, a new study suggests that its atmosphere may have been hospitable to life due to volcanic activity that emitted sulfur gases that contributed to a greenhouse warming effect.
A new study addresses a foundational problem in the theory of driven quantum matter by extending the Středa formula to non-equilibrium regimes. It demonstrates that a superficially trivial “sum of zeros” encodes a universal, quantized magnetic response—one that is intrinsically topological and uniquely emergent under non-equilibrium driving conditions.
Turbulence is everywhere, yet much about the nature of turbulence remains unknown. During the last decade, physicists have discovered how fluids in a pipe or similar geometry transition from a smooth, laminar state to a turbulent state as their speed increases.
TRAPPIST-1 is a red dwarf star located about 40 light years away that hosts seven Earth-sized rocky planets, with at least three orbiting in the habitable zone where liquid water could potentially exist. This makes it one of the most solar system-like exoplanet systems discovered, with TRAPPIST-1e considered among the best potentially habitable exoplanets. The system’s proximity and multiple potentially habitable worlds make it an ideal target for searching for technological civilizations.
The small but ubiquitous proton serves as a foundation for the bulk of the visible matter in the universe. It abides at the very heart of matter, giving rise to everything we see around us as it anchors the nuclei of atoms. Yet, its structure is amazingly complex, and the quest to understand these details has occupied theorists and experimenters alike since its discovery over a century ago.
Researchers at Hiroshima University have developed a realistic, highly sensitive method to detect the Unruh effect—a long-predicted phenomenon at the crossroads of relativity and quantum theory. Their novel approach opens new possibilities for exploring fundamental physics and for developing advanced technologies.
Exposure to materials present at Groud Zero has been linked to 70 different cancers, prompting changes in how first responders prepare to enter fire or explosion scenes
A record-breaking development in laser technology could help support the development of smaller, cheaper, more easily-fabricated optical and quantum technologies, its inventors say.
The shooter who killed Charlie Kirk wore tactical clothing and escaped on foot after firing a single shot from 200 yards away
The earliest images of 3I/ATLAS, newly uncovered by Michigan State University, reveal how the interstellar object evolved as it traveled through our solar system—and how other distant solar systems might be different from our own.
As atmospheric observations of exoplanets become increasingly precise, it is more important than ever to correctly account for the effect of starspots on host stars. An ideal opportunity to study starspots arises when a transiting planet passes directly across them—a phenomenon known as a spot-crossing transit.
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