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Solar storms have influenced our history. An environmental historian explains how they could also threaten our future

In May 2024, part of the sun exploded.

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Study may lead to improved networked quantum sensing

Could global positioning systems become more precise and provide more accurate details on distances for users to get from point A to point B?

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Former Ill. deputy on trial for murder testifies about fatal OIS of Sonya Massey

Former Sangamon County Deputy Sean Grayson testified he did not believe a TASER would be effective against Massey and his gun was “the only thing [he] had to stop the threat”

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Young sun-like star’s dual-temperature plasma ejections offer clues to early planetary environments

Astronomers have used simultaneous ground-based and space-based observations to measure the temperature and velocity of gas ejected from a young sun-like star. The result showed a two-component ejection consisting of a hot fast component followed by a slower, cooler component. This result is important for understanding how young stars affect their surrounding environment where planets and life may first be forming, and by extension provides insights into the early days of the solar system, Earth, and life on Earth.

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Gravitational wave events hint at ‘second-generation’ black holes

In a paper published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, the international LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration reports on the detection of two gravitational wave events in October and November of 2024 with unusual black hole spins. This observation adds an important new piece to our understanding of the most elusive phenomena in the universe.

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Astronomers discover end-dominated collapse and hub-filament system in G53 star-forming region

Meng Dezhao, a Ph.D. student from the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with his collaborators, has conducted a systematic study of the filamentary structure within the G53 molecular cloud. By combining multi-wavelength observations and simulations, they revealed for the first time that the filament is undergoing an “end-dominated collapse” (EDC), a process that is driving star formation. The paper is published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

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Calif. deputy fatally shot, suspect stopped after 150 mph pursuit

San Bernardino Deputy Andrew Nunez, a six-year employee of the department, was fatally shot while responding to a call of an armed suspect

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The cosmic microwave background is a wall of light—here’s how we might see beyond it

So much happened in the earliest moments of the universe. Elementary particles appeared, the first nuclei of hydrogen and helium, and fluctuations of energy and matter set into motion the formation of galaxies and supermassive black holes. But all of it is invisible to us.

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Spectral biosignatures of airborne microbes in planetary atmospheres

Could scientists find life in the clouds of exoplanet atmospheres? This is what a manuscripton the arXiv preprint server hopes to address as a team of researchers investigate how the biosignatures of microbes could be identified in exoplanet atmospheres and clouds.

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Mirrorless laser: Physicists propose a new light source

A team of physicists from the University of Innsbruck and Harvard University has proposed a fundamentally new way to generate laser light: a laser without mirrors. Their study, published in Physical Review Letters, shows that quantum emitters spaced at subwavelength distances can constructively synchronize their photon emission to produce a bright, very narrow-band light beam, even in the absence of any optical cavity.

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Here Are Five Of The Oldest Cities On Earth

Some of these cities existed before written history, and before mankind existed on Earth, at least according to the Bible. But before religion, and before written history, ancient cultures around the world built massive cities, extremely old cities.

And when we talk about the oldest cities on Earth, we mean the oldest continuously inhabited cities. Note that different sources have different dates for the cities.

Starting off with what many claim is to be the oldest city on the surface of the planet: Jericho.

Then the Lord said to Joshua, “See, I have delivered Jericho into your hands, along with its king and its fighting men. March around the city once with all the armed men. Do this for six days. Have seven priests carry trumpets of rams’ horns in front of the ark. On the seventh day, march around the city seven times, with the priests blowing the trumpets. When you hear them sound a long blast on the trumpets, have the whole army give a loud shout; then the wall of the city will collapse and the army will go up, everyone straight in.” Joshua 6:2-5

Traces of habitation: 9000 BC.

Jericho
The ruins of Jericho. Image Credit: Shutterstock.

Fortifications date to 6800 BC (or earlier), making Jericho the earliest known walled city on the surface of the planet.

Jericho is believed to have been continuously inhabited from 9,000 BC. Archaeologists have unearthed more than 20 remains of successive settlements, which are said to go back as far as 11,000 years. Jericho is mentioned in the biblical and is located on the banks of the Jordan River, at the bottom of the slope that leads to the mountainous plateau of Judah, about 8 km from the northern coast of the Dead Sea dry basin, almost 240 m below the level of the Mediterranean Sea and approximately 27 km from Jerusalem.

Some say it isn’t Jericho, but Damascus the oldest city on Earth.

This ancient city was established sometimes between 10,000 and 8,000 BC, and many authors argue Damascus is the oldest continuously inhabited city on Earth.

Consisting of a maze of narrow alleys, the walled city of Damascus characterized by stunning ancient doors leading into radiant courtyards and blank-faced houses.

Damascus is commonly known in Syria as ash-Sham and nicknamed the “Jasmine City” it is the capital and the second largest city in Syria after Aleppo.

Byblos is believed to have been inhabited since 5,000 BC and is considered by many authors the third oldest continuously inhabited city on Earth. It is believed that it was founded around the year 5000 BC, and according to sources attributed to the Phoenician historian Sanjuniatón, was built by Crono, and was the first Phoenician city.

This ancient metropolis was founded by the Phoenicians, despite the fact that its name was given to it by Greeks, who imported large amounts of papyrus from it.

In fact, the English word ‘bible’ derives from Byblos.

Aleppo in Syria is another ancient city worth including in our list of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on Earth.

Aleppo
Ruins of the Ancient city of Aleppo. Image Credit: Shutterstock

According to scholars, this ancient city was inhabited from around 4,300 BC. It’s currently Syria’s most populated city with around 4.4 million inhabitants.

The ancient city was founded around 4,300 BC as Halab, and the ruins of the ancient city have not been excavated nor studied by experts.

https://twitter.com/historyinpix/status/772677650401943552

During the city’s long history, Aleppo was under Hittite control until around 800 BV, after which it passed to Assyrian, Greek, and Persian hands. It was also occupied by the Romans, Byzantines and Arabs. The city of Aleppo was besieged by the Crusaders and was also invaded by the Mongols and Ottomans. In modern times, the city is a war zone, and most of its history has been lost in conflict.

The ancient city of Sidon, another wonder of the ancient world.

Considered as one of the most important ancient Phoenician cities, Sidon is located some 40 kilometers south of Beirut. According to experts, archaeological excavations have found evidence of human occupation since 4,000 BC. Before being captured by the Assyrians, this city was the capital of the Elamite Empire. It was also ruled by Cyrus the Great. It currently has a population of around 65,000 people.

Featured image credit:

Aleppo’s Citadel

https://twitter.com/historyinpix/status/772677650401943552http://en.alalam.ir/news/1864893

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Aleppo Syria depicted by the great Ottoman cartographer and artist Matrakçı Nasuh.

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JWST observations discover large debris disk around nearby M dwarf

An international team of astronomers have employed the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to observe a nearby M-dwarf star known as TWA 20. As a result, they detected a large debris disk around this star. The finding was reported in a paper published October 23 on the arXiv pre-print server.

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A meteorite slammed into Western Australia billions of years ago. Or did it?

In the beginning, Earth was a violent place with no atmosphere to soften the blow.

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Engineers test photonic AI chips in space

In a new milestone for space-enabled semiconductor research, the University of Florida, in collaboration with NASA, MIT, Vanguard Automation, AIM Photonics and Germany’s Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, launched a suite of photonic AI chips to the International Space Station aboard JAXA’s HTV-XI spacecraft this weekend.

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Now in 3D, maps begin to bring exoplanets into focus

Astronomers have generated the first three-dimensional map of a planet orbiting another star, revealing an atmosphere with distinct temperature zones—one so scorching that it breaks down water vapor, a team co-led by a Cornell expert reports in new research.

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