Class B; June 2025; Virginia, Grayson County
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Using the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), an international team of astronomers has discovered a spectacular bipolar outflow from the disk of a nearby galaxy known as ESO 130-G012. The finding was reported in a paper published December 17 on the pre-print server arXiv.
Axions are hypothetical light particles that could solve two different physics problems, as they could explain why some nuclear interactions don’t violate time symmetry and are also promising dark matter candidates. Dark matter is a type of matter that does not emit, reflect or absorb light, and has never been directly observed before.
Researchers at the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a new way to significantly enhance upconversion luminescence in oxide perovskites, a class of materials known for their thermal and chemical stability but limited optical efficiency.
YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/M7cukSVCC-w?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1 Every time you take a sip of fine wine, you may very well be drinking the same wine that Roman emperors drank in ancient times. At least that’s what a new analysis of grape DNA reveals. While wine has become more diverse in modern times, there are still several ancient varieties, particularly from France, that have a long lineage going back to a single vine from which cuttings have been taken and spread to other regions. In order to discover the genetic secrets of the wine we drink today, Dr. Nathan Wales of the University of York and his team gathered grape seeds from nine ancient sites in France, 28 seeds in all, and compared them to modern grapes. The results were surprising, and in some cases, alarming.Sixteen of the grapes were within one or two generations of our modern grapes. One is a match to the rare Savagnin blanc in France, which has been around for 900 years. Others were even as old as ancient Rome itself.
“From our sample of grape seeds we found 18 distinct genetic signatures, including one set of genetically identical seeds from two Roman sites separated by more than 600km, and dating back 2,000 years ago,” he continued. “These genetic links, which included a ‘sister’ relationship with varieties grown in the Alpine regions today, demonstrate winemakers’ proficiencies across history in managing their vineyards with modern techniques, such as asexual reproduction through taking plant cuttings.” University of Copenhagen researcher Dr. Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal, a member of the team, described the makeup of the grapes. “We suspect the majority of these archaeological seeds come from domesticated berries that were potentially used for winemaking based on their strong genetic links to wine grapevines,” Ramos-Madrigal said. “Berries from varieties used for wine are small, thick-skinned, full of seeds, and packed with sugar and other compounds such as acids, phenols, and aromas – great for making wine but not quite as good for eating straight from the vine. These ancient seeds did not have a strong genetic link to modern table grapes. Based on writings by the Roman author and naturalist, Pliny the Elder, and others, we know the Romans had advanced knowledge of winemaking and designated specific names to different grape varieties, but it has so far been impossible to link their Latin names to modern varieties. Now we have the opportunity to use genetics to know exactly what the Romans were growing in their vineyards.”
However, it should be pointed out that the study did not seek to discover if there’s a difference in taste of the wines over the centuries. A University of Colorado professor is brewing ancient beers such as those drank by the Vikings and other cultures from around the world, so we can experience what beer may have tasted like at the time compared to our modern beers. However, since many of these grapes have very similar DNA and are used to make the same wines, it’s reasonable to say that the taste is relatively the same, depending on factors such as climate that have minor to major effects on grapes at any given time.
Indeed, the DNA test results do have a message to share. Only it’s a warning to the wine industry. Canadian researcher Zoë Migicovsky of Dalhousie University observed that while these grapes and the wines derived from them have remained largely the same, “everything around them has continued to change.”
Climate change is resulting in erratic temperatures that these grapes may not be able to tolerate for much longer, nor would they be able to survive the evolving pests and diseases. In our changing world, winemakers are going to have to change, which means breeding cross varieties and perhaps even abandoning the ancient ones for more resistant grapes that can better handle new stresses and threats. That’s likely not what wine lovers want to hear. After all, as a wine drinker myself, I’d hate to think I have to give up one of my favorites for a different one. But the reality is that grapes are not immune to climate change and we will have to adapt if we still want to imbibe from time to time in the future. It’s cool to learn that we may have been drinking the same wine as Julius Caesar, but just like the Roman Empire, their wine will also pass into history. So we’d best enjoy it while we still can. More on what ancient wine may have tasted like due to additives like tree resins, herbs, and spices, from Seeker below Featured Image: Wikimedia A research team from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has advanced the characterization and retrieval capability evaluation of microphysical properties of Venusian clouds and haze.
Many researchers have spent decades attempting to decode biblical descriptions and link them to verifiable historical events. One such description is that of the Star of Bethlehem—a bright astronomical body that was said to lead the Magi to Jesus shortly after his birth.
On the launch anniversary of the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, ESA presents a unique compilation of zooms into stunning cosmic views.
How did life begin on Earth? While scientists have theories, they don’t yet fully understand the precise chemical steps that led to biology, or when the first primitive life forms appeared.
Even most rocket scientists would rather avoid hard math when they don’t have to do it. So when it comes to figuring out orbits in complex three-body systems, like those in cis-lunar space, which is between Earth and the moon, they’d rather someone else do the work for them.
YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/B87xCz5bQVU?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1 This story is part 2 of a 2-part series about the “Miracle of the Sun” in Fátima, Portugal. In the first part, we looked at reports of what thousands of people described seeing. In this part, we’ll examine what the Fátima apparition told three children tending to sheep in a field over the course of six months.Twenty four years passed before Sister Lucia, then living as a nun in Tuy, Spain, would decide the time was right to reveal the first two secrets from the apparition of the Virgin Mary she saw in Fátima, Portugal. Sixty years later the third secret was finally revealed, though it remains to be known for certain if there is more to be told. Santos wrote her memoirs in 1941 and revealed the first vision: A gruesome vision of souls burning in hell. Some see it as a Biblical message about hell, while others see it as a message about the brutality taking place at the time in World War I.  This was her warning:
A year after the apparition in Fátima, World War I ended, but the Pope was then Benedict XV in 1917. The second prophecy gave two warnings.The first warning was of a mysterious light in the night sky.
On January 25, 1938, the Aurora Borealis illuminated the night skies throughout Europe. At the time, Hitler was preparing for war. A month later, Hitler moved soldiers into Austria during the pontificate of Pius XI, which had indeed come to pass. These warnings had already played out in real life by the time Sister Lucia wrote about them in 1941, but another message she wrote down would unfold in later years. The second warning was about Russia and the spread of communism throughout the world. The Virgin Mary called for the Consecration of Russia.
The apparition appeared to Lucia Santos again on June 13, 1929, telling her that the moment had come for the Pope and all the bishops of the world to consecrate Russia. The Pope failed to carry out the order, which Lucia believed allowed communism to spread across the globe. World War II raged in 1941, and the next Pope, Pius XII decided to carry out the consecration of Russia. However, Lucia said it was not as the Virgin Mary had wanted. The bishops around the world did not take part in the ceremony. There were two more failed consecration attempts in 1952 and 1964. Sister Lucia said that God remained displeased. Communism spread to China in 1949 and in Cuba in 1961. A third of the world was communist by the 80s. Sister Lucia withheld the third secret until 1943 when she fell ill and the Bishop asked her to write it down. She sealed it in an envelope but asked that it remain unseen until the year 1960 or upon her death. The envelope was delivered to the Pope in 1944, who refused to reveal the secret in 1960, the height of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union. Some suspected the final secret of Fátima told of the ruin of the Catholic Church or possibly of nuclear war.On May 13th, 2000 on the 83rd anniversary of the apparition at Fátima, Pope John Paul II published the third secret, although some said the entire text was not yet fully released.
Some believe this may be a reference to averting nuclear war. Since Sister Lucia asked that the secret be revealed in 1960, the timing would place it shortly before the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, a critical moment when the world narrowly avoided nuclear war between the US and Russia. Pope John Paul II believed that another part of the third secret in the sealed envelope was about him personally. Sister Lucia warned of “a vision of a bishop in white falling to the ground under a hail of gunfire,” and that vision turned out to be true. The Pope faced two assassination attempts, one of which took place in Fatima, Portugal, a bizarre coincidence. Pope John Paul II believed that the Virgin Mary’s warnings saved his life.
Following his narrow escapes from death, the Pope decided to join with the bishops of the world to lead the Consecration of Russia after all. He also took the first steps to canonize the young children who had died, Jacinta, and Francisco Marto. Recently, Pope Francis followed through at a mass in Fátima. The Consecration of Russia took place on March 25, 1984, over fifty years after Sister Lucia conveyed the message of the apparition. Sister Lucia happily acknowledged that this attempt was successful. Nevertheless, some in the church today believe the ceremony was not done properly and must be done again. Interestingly, Mikhail Gorbachev later met with the Pope in 1989, a significant change that had been unthinkable. On February 13, 2005, Sister Lucia passed away at the age of 97 of natural causes followed by Pope John Paul II two months later at age 84. The process to canonize Sister Lucia is underway. Over 102 years have passed since the Miracle of the Sun.
The town of Fátima was named after a princess who was named after Muhammad’s beloved daughter, the founder of Islam. Since the Virgin Mary is mentioned in the Quran, some believe the apparition appeared in the town as a significant sign of respect for those who follow Islam. See more in part 1 of this story. See more from the History Channel below: YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1QZ5BPwFng Featured image: Screenshots via YouTube “Different agencies, one mission,” the Tennessee Highway Patrol stated. “Save a life. And they did … If you are struggling, please hear this. You matter, and help is available.”
Tucson officers responded after the man fired shots through apartment windows and brandished a gun inside the grocery store
When you splurge on a cocktail in a bar, the drink often comes with a slab of aesthetically pleasing, perfectly clear ice. The stuff looks much fancier than the slightly cloudy ice you get from your home freezer. How do they do this?
Complex fluids, such as polymer melts and concentrated suspensions, are foundational materials for industrial products, including high-strength plastics and optical components. The final performance of these materials depends on their composition and internal microscopic structure. During manufacturing processes, however, fluids are subjected to mechanical forces that introduce internal stress, leading to microscopic structural damage, which in turn affects the material’s functionality.
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