Long before a human ever sets foot on the Red Planet, we already know how harsh the environment is. Once a human finally does, the only things protecting them from that environment will be the infrastructure we’ve built there and the spacesuit that keeps them in a protective bubble. Unfortunately, modern spacesuits aren’t built with Martian gravity, which is three-eighths of Earth’s, in mind. To prove that point, a team of NASA and industry engineers made a presentation at the 55th International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) showing that the newest generation of spacesuits is simply too heavy to use on Mars.

More than 20 years after NASA’s Spirit rover landed on Mars, a researcher from Edith Cowan University (ECU) has uncovered new evidence that suggests water may once have covered large parts of the red planet.

At long last, astronomers have firm evidence that Betelgeuse, one of the most famous stars in the night sky, is not alone. Using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT), a team led by French researcher Miguel Montargès obtained the clearest image yet of what is likely Betelgeuse B, the star orbiting Betelgeuse. “This is the conclusion of a century-long quest,” Montargès says.

Gravitational waves are tiny ripples in the fabric of spacetime that are produced when massive objects in the cosmos accelerate or collide. By detecting these waves, astrophysicists can study various cosmic events, including black hole mergers, neutron star collisions and the early evolution of the universe.

We’ve been covering the journey of the Habitable Worlds Observatory for some time now. Over the past few years, it’s gone from a proposal to a relatively fleshed-out plan for how and what the next Great Observatory should do—in this case, look at and characterize potentially habitable exoplanets.

A new study using data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope finds that star formation in the nearby Andromeda galaxy has undergone a 500-million-year decline, with an even steeper drop in the last 40 million years. Andromeda, a spiral galaxy comparable in size to our Milky Way, is close enough to be seen with the unaided eye from areas with dark skies. Located about 2.5 million light-years from Earth—practically our cosmic backyard—Andromeda offers an opportunity for astronomers to examine its stellar populations in detail, leading to a better understanding of the past of galaxies like our own.