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Too much entanglement? Quantum networks can suffer from ‘selfish routing,’ study shows

Quantum technologies, systems that process, transfer or store information leveraging quantum mechanical effects, could tackle some real-world problems faster and more effectively than their classical counterparts. In recent years, some engineers have been focusing their efforts on the development of quantum communication systems, which could eventually enable the creation of a “quantum internet” (i.e., an equivalent of the internet in which information is shared via quantum physical effects).

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Bionic LiDAR system achieves beyond-retinal resolution through adaptive focusing

In a recent study, researchers from China have developed a chip-scale LiDAR system that mimics the human eye’s foveation by dynamically concentrating high-resolution sensing on regions of interest (ROIs) while maintaining broad awareness across the full field of view.

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New cryogenic vacuum chamber cuts noise for quantum ion trapping

Even very slight environmental noise, such as microscopic vibrations or magnetic field fluctuations a hundred times smaller than Earth’s magnetic field, can be catastrophic for quantum computing experiments with trapped ions.

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‘That’s fine. I’ll just cut the budget’: Video shows Mass. city councilor flaunting position during suspected DUI stop

Holyoke Councilor Israel Rivera told officers, “You know who the (expletive) I am? I’m not a regular (racial slur),” and later, “I’m the one that makes your (expletive) budget (racial slur).”

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Okla. Highway Patrol requests nearly $26M for recruitment as one-third of its troopers reach retirement eligibility

The funding request of $25.9 million includes resources for two 72-person training academies and would support the addition of 100 new troopers

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What was the Aten, the sun disk of Pharaoh Akhenaten?

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y6c8ntgVAj0?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1

One of the figures who has gathered more attention from ancient astronaut theorists than just about anyone else is the Pharaoh Akhenaten. The Heretic King, as he would later be known to some, had an immediately alien-looking appearance in carvings and statues. His wife, Queen Nefertiti, their daughter Meritaten, and his son by another wife, Tutankhamun, shared elongated heads and gangly limbs.

Alien beings?

Meritaten
Meritaten via YouTube

Ironically, Akhenaten and Nefertiti are now among the most famous of Egypt’s royalty today. Why? Because those who came after him, including the famous Tutankhamun, tried to erase his story. It was only discovered again with the discovery of the city of Amarna in the 19th century CE.

In fact, King Tut’s name was Tutankhaten, but he renounced reference to his father’s name when he ascended to the throne. The rejection was likely due to his father’s shocking religious revolution, which destroyed the cult of Amun. The Priests of Amun had gained wealth and political influence to the point they had a power that began to rival the pharoahs.

The Pharoah Akhenaten led the Amarna revolution, moving the capital from Thebes to a city named Akhetaten, later known as Amarna. He and Nefertiti attempted to convert all of Egypt to the worship of one deity, the Aten or Aton, a sun disk. It was one of the earliest forms of monotheism in a world where a plurality of gods had always been the norm. His very name Akhenaten means “beneficial to Aten.”

The revolution applied to all artwork. Although royalty had always been depicted in an unrealistic glorified form before, depictions of the royal family during this time were intimate and strangely realistic.

From Encyclopaedia Britannica:

“The royal family was depicted with features that, by comparison with standard conventions of Egyptian art, appear noticeably exaggerated: a prognathous jaw, a thin neck, sloped shoulders, a pronounced paunch, large hips and thighs, and spindly legs. Facial features were characterized by angular, slitted eyes, fleshy lips, nasolabial wrinkles, and holes for ear plugs, while the princesses are often each depicted with an inflated, egg-shaped cranium.”

Even stranger, in some cases, it’s impossible to know if the figures are male or female. It’s as if they are, in fact, interchangeable.

“The Karnak colossi in particular show these new characteristics in notably exaggerated form, including one that apparently depicts the king without male genitalia. Whether such statues were intended to represent the male and female element combined in the person of the divine king or whether they are simply statues of Nefertiti has not been satisfactorily settled.”

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Nefertiti and Akhenaten via YouTube
La salle dAkhenaton 1356 1340 av J.C. Musee du Caire 2076962048
Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France – la salle d’Akhenaton (1356-1340 av J.C.) (Musée du Caire) via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 2.0

The appearance is so strange that some scholars suggested the family suffered from a genetic disorder called Marfan’s syndrome. On the other hand, ancient astronaut theorists believe these were signs of extraterrestrial origin. So far, the mummies remain missing, so we can’t know for sure, although some testing was carried out on King Tut. Those tests are widely considered false and suggested that Tutankhamun was the product of incest with a wide range of health problems.

See more about the search for Nefertiti and Akhenaten’s mummies below:

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1n15SyDjEQ

What is the Aten?

As the only mediators between the Aten and people, Akhenaten and the royal family became far more important than the Priests of Amun. Only they would speak for Aten, the only true god. Did the pharaoh really receive messages from the Aten, or was this merely symbolic? Whatever the case, the pharaoh ordered the temples closed and the old ways outlawed and destroyed.

The surviving text, called the Aten Hymn, described the Aten as an omnipresent creator of all nature, taking on millions of forms, not merely the familiar Sun.

“Men had slept like the dead; now they lift their arms in praise, birds fly, fish leap, plants bloom, and work begins. Aten creates the son in the mother’s womb, the seed in men, and has generated all life. He has distinguished the races, their natures, tongues, and skins, and fulfills the needs of all. Aten made the Nile in Egypt and rain, like a heavenly Nile, in foreign countries. He has a million forms according to the time of day and from where he is seen; yet he is always the same.”

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What is the pharaoh doing here? Akhenaten and Nefertiti beneath the Aten via YouTube

Moses and the Aten

The hymn begins to sound quite similar to the story of Jesus, but from the middle of the 14th century BC.

“Every leg is on the move since you founded the earth.

You rouse them for your son who came from your body.”

The similarity to biblical texts was noted by the famous Sigmund Freud, in his 1939 CE work Moses and Monotheism. Freud believed that Moses, which translates to “child” in Egyptian, may have been an Egyptian who followed the cult of Aten. In fact, he may have been Thutmose, who disappeared from the historical records, reappearing as the biblical Moses.

After Akhenaten’s death, he suggests Moses was driven away. Then, as we know, a new religion based on one true God would change the world.

Before Akhenaten, the world was accustomed to polytheistic religion. Some ancient astronaut theorists think that Akhenaten may have tried to erase former religious beliefs as a means to conceal the true origins of the human species – A species created through genetic manipulation by alien beings. A more ordinary explanation is that the pharaoh was trying to take power back from the Cult of Amun, which had grown too powerful and corrupt.

Did Akhenaten want to lead his followers away from the truth or toward it through connecting to higher consciousness?

Related: Legends of the Inca and the mysterious Sun Disk that disappeared after opening a Stargate

More about Moses and his possible connection to a secret brother, Akhenaten and his son King Tut:

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qh-afJdXZQ

Wisdom from the Sky

In the depictions of the Aten, the disk shone down with sun-like rays, enlightening and blessing the royal family with god-like status and apparent wisdom. Mainstream scholars say the Aten was merely the Sun but was the Aten much more than that?

According to ancient astronaut theorist, Giorgio A. Tsoukalos, the description of Aten indicates it wasn’t the celestial body of the Sun at all.

“The Aten was described as this flying sun disk. Egyptologists are merely saying that this was nothing else but the Sun, but the question is, can the Sun instruct you in different disciplines? And the answer is no,” explains Tsoukalos.

“So we have to see whether or not our ancestors encountered technology and misinterpreted it as something in nature,” he continued.

More about “Ancient Egypt’s Alien-Hybrid Ruler” from the History Channel:

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDzsaK7q6JI


Featured image: Screenshot via YouTube

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Legends of the Inca and the mysterious Sun Disk that disappeared after opening a Stargate

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/aLad8-IKbHM?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1

Across the globe, two ancient civilizations worshipped the Sun. In South America, the ancient Inca ruler Pachacuti came to power with help from a mirrored sun disk. In Egypt, the Pharaoh Akhenaten focused all worship on a sun disk called the Aten.

Were these both cases of worshipping an idol of the Sun, or was there more to the story? For ancient astronaut theorists, these disks seem to represent advanced technology of extraterrestrial origin. Critics and mainstream scholars would shine a light on expected earthly explanations instead.

In this first article, we’ll take a look at the Inca, the Temple of the Sun, and the mysterious legends of the sun disk, as shown on the Ancient Aliens series. Later, we’ll look at the stories of the Aten and Pharaoh Akhenaten.

Ancient Aliens Season 12, Episode 15 focuses on the story of Pachacuti and his mysterious sun disk. The show proposes that the sun disk was a literal communications device. Rather than merely an idol that one would pray too, it was perhaps similar to a modern smartphone with advanced computer circuitry.

“Worldwide, it doesn’t matter what ancient culture, there is some type of a worship of a disk that came from the sky,” says Giorgio A. Tsoukalos. “It’s possible that this disk had some type of an extraterrestrial connection and that this disk was a technological device.”

Pachacuti
Pachacuti via YouTube

The legends about the sun disk suggest that it was used to open a portal to other worlds at the Gate of the Gods, La Puerta de Hayu Marca. The bizarre and spectacular 23-foot square doorway-like structure near Lake Titicaca is considered by some a possible Stargate. An average-height person can stand inside the carved out T-shaped “door.” In the middle of this door, there is a small circular depression, as if for holding something in place.

While it could merely be an abandoned project, local legends suggest otherwise.

According to Atlas Obscura:

“Locals are said to call the doorway the ‘Puerta de Hayu Marca,’ or ‘Gate of the Gods,’ and local legends apparently speak of people disappearing through the doorway as well as of strange sights, such as ‘tall men accompanied by glowing balls of lights walking through the doorway.’”

Stargate
Puerta de Hayu Marca via YouTube

Another legend holds that the first Incan priest-king Aramu Muru took the sun disk to the Gate of the Gods and used it to open a portal. He stepped inside and disappeared forever, leaving behind the disk. After that, what happened to the disk is lost to history.

According to Ancient Origins:

“[Aramu Muru] approached a giant doorway cut into an artificially flattened mountainside. In the center of this stone indentation was a hollow into which he placed the sun disk. When he did so, the stone door shimmered and became bright. Aramu stepped through the portal and it thereafter returned to stone. He was never seen again, and the door never changed again.”

See the scene from Ancient Aliens as well as more background below:

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0Fnc426Sf4

More about the Gate of the Gods and Aramu Muru below:

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBpLIR5JA2o

In the video below, Ancient Aliens theorists speculate about what may have happened to the sun disk. Was it smuggled out of the temple through underground passageways near the fortress temple complex Sacsayhuaman? Or was the disk taken to the sacred site of Lake Titicaca, where the creator god Viracocha was said to have emerged?

Nobody knows, and so the mystery may always remain.

The sun disk is missing, but the amazing ruins of the Temple of the Sun, or Coricancha (Qorikancha) at Cuzco, Peru remains. The temple and garden were said to have been decorated with large quantities of gold and dedicated to Viracocha and his intermediaries with humans. Those governing intermediaries were the moon goddess Quilla, and her husband Inti, the god of the Sun.  

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Mask of Inti via Ancient History Encyclopedia

Was the sun disk merely an idol of worship and prayer? Or was it something more extraordinary, a device for direct communication with the “gods?” Or even a device for opening a Stargate?  You decide.

Next, learn about Pharaoh Akhenaten and his mysterious sun disk: What was the Aten, the sun disk of Pharaoh Akhenaten?


Featured image: Screenshot via YouTube

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Mich. deputy convicted of misconduct for conducting illegal traffic stop of officer

A Novi PD officer pulled over an off-duty Wayne County deputy before sending him on his way without incident; 15 minutes later, the deputy pulled the officer over without cause

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Suspect on the run after opening fire, wounding 2 Ore. officers

Portland Police are searching for a suspect who shot and wounded two officers; the officers were taken to a hospital in stable condition

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Video shows pursuit, fatal OIS of former Calif. deputy accused of stabbing 11-year-old son to death

The deputy had resigned from the Sacramento County Sheriff’s Office after an investigation found his on-duty overdose was caused by intentional use of seized fentanyl

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Priceless looted artifacts and tablets from Mesopotamia are slowly finding their way back home

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/2qiZpndjg6Y?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1

When we examine the ancient texts of Mesopotamia and Sumer, we are talking about the location of modern-day southern Iraq. The tablets and artifacts found in this area are of great importance in understanding the real history of human civilization. We want the truth of our origins, but how will we get it if it’s sold and hidden away?

Unfortunately, knowledge of ancient history makes these antiquities highly desirable to unscrupulous collectors who have bought up artifacts looted from the war-torn country of Iraq. Now, after being stolen by looters and terrorists and sold on the black market as contraband, many of these priceless objects and clay tablets are finally headed back home. Many pieces came from the ancient cities of Ur and Irisagrig and could date back to 2,100 BC.

Sadly, many priceless artifacts were destroyed forever during Islamic State control of the city of Nineveh, including the obliterated Imam Younis shrine known as “Jonah’s tomb.” The tomb once displayed a tooth held by some to be that of the whale in which Jonah survived for a time.

Related: 4 Biblical sites destroyed and looted by ISIS

The Iraq War (Mar 20, 2003 – Dec 18, 2011) brought occupation by U.S. troops, but today terrorist group ISIS is reportedly regaining strength in Iraq and Syria. These religious extremists seek to selfishly destroy the ancient temples and texts, while military confrontations caused collateral damage to ancient sites. In truth, looting took place by those on all sides of the battlefronts.

Hobby Lobby?

Strangely, American arts-and-crafts company Hobby Lobby was one of many that sought to collect ancient Mesopotamian artifacts for as much as $1.6 million. In May 2018, as many as 3,800 objects were handed over by U.S. officials, intercepting them from their destination at Hobby Lobby headquarters in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The priceless cuneiform tablets, cylinder seals and clay bullae had been smuggled out of Iraq and purchased illegally by the Evangelical Christian corporation.

Why would an arts and crafts store want to acquire “bilingual religious text from the Neo-Babylonian period?” According to the PBS report, the company began collecting historical artifacts ins 2009, buying as many as  40,000 biblical artifacts and texts.

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9RSFkc60Sg

In July 2019, a treasure trove of similar looted artifacts was seized by authorities and ended up at the British Museum for safekeeping. Among the haul were 154 Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets. According to the Smithsonian mag:

“Seized in 2011, the clay texts date to the mid-3rd century B.C. and describe administrative operations in the lost city of Irisagrig. With the permission of the National Museum of Iraq, a selection of the artifacts will also go on view at the British Museum before returning home.”

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-0a9AMBQrc

Iraq’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Culture recently expressed joy as they welcome the return of 173 archeological paintings and other objects.

Iraqi news reports that some of the objects were retrieved from Hobby Lobby while others came back from American museums, private collectors, and even universities.

“It is a happy day for us as archeologists and as Iraqis to return this historical heritage. It is a special day for us, for these artifacts, pieces, and works of art to return to the embrace of the mother,” minister Hamdani said.

“Retrieving the archeological items was a ‘holy, national duty,’ he added. ‘Here is where civilization started. Here is where the [first] state was founded.’”

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVp5LwsGGGI

Meanwhile, Kurdish news reports that Turkey recently signed an agreement with Iraq to return 80 artifacts smuggled into Turkey. Turkish authorities confiscated them in 2008.

According to a report from Kurdistan 24:

“The agreement comes a day after the U.S. embassy in Baghdad announced on Friday that it had provided $4 million to renovate and rehabilitate historic sites in Iraq, including the Ishtar Gate in Babylon, the holy Yezidi temple of Lalish in Duhok, St. George’s Church in Baghdad, and the Erbil Citadel.”

Among the most significant artifacts to return to Iraq could reportedly be a famous restored copy of the enormous Ishtar Gate in Berlin, Germany. The original gate was initially one of the Seven Wonders of the World and depicts a dragon mentioned in the King James Bible.

See the Ishtar Gate rendered in 3D from Google Arts and Culture:

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ew88Z1h6jzg

Iraq is considering a new national museum to hold the returning artifacts. According to the reports, somewhere around 15,000 items have been plundered, but only around 7,000 have thus far returned. Debate continues among historians, archaeologists, preservationists, and curators about how best to preserve these irreplaceable ancient treasures. If terrorists return they could be at great risk once more.

Unless we preserve these ancient treasures, the world will lose some of the oldest writings of the human race on cuneiform tablets.

Cuneiform, with its wedge-shaped style, is one of the earliest systems of writing, invented by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE. Until the mid 19th century C.E., the great literary works of Mesopotamia remained unknown. The most famous is the Epic of Gilgamesh, which changed the understanding of history.

See more of the stunning Ishtar Gate below:

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnJWXWU1fYo


Featured image: Screenshot via YouTube

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Extraterrestrials may be spying on Earth from a nearby location in the Milky Way

For just a moment, consider that we aren’t alone in the universe and other life forms exist beyond the Milky Way and Earth, which is the only place advanced life forms have so far been found.

If there are extraterrestrials somewhere in the universe, maybe they saw the dawn of man in this planet and decided they’d watch our progress. How would they have done so?

 

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Extraterrestrials may have been watching us since the dawn of man on Earth (Via Pixabay)

A eye-opening new article from LiveScience lays out the following scenario:

 

“A hundred million years ago, an advanced civilization detects strange signatures of life on a blue-green planet not so far away from their home in the Milky Way. They try sending signals, but whatever’s marching around on that unknown world isn’t responding. So, the curious galactic explorers try something different. They send a robotic probe to a small, quiet space rock orbiting near the life-rich planet, just to keep an eye on things.

If a story like this played out at any moment in Earth’s 4.5 billion-year history, it just might have left an archaeological record. At least, that’s the hope behind a new proposal to check Earth’s so-called co-orbitals for signs of advanced alien technology

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Are we being watched by aliens? (Via Kevin Gill/Flickr)
What’s Exactly is a Co-Orbital?

 

Co-orbitals are space objects — planets, moons, even space rocks — that orbit the sun at approximately the same distance as Earth, James Benford, a physicist and independent SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), explains:

 “They’re basically going around the sun at the same rate the Earth is, and they’re very nearby.’”

It was Benford who suggested his theory of alien surveillance at a conference in Houston last year:

 

“If he’s right, the co-orbitals could be a way to detect alien activity that occurred before humans even evolved, much less turned their attention toward the stars.”

The Milky Way and Earth may be under surveillance (Via Wikipedia)

Not everyone — including fellow SETI researchers — is on board with Benford’s controversial theory. One of them is Paul Davies, a physicist and astrobiologist at Arizona State University, who says he still thinks we have an obligation to check out all of the co-orbitals just to be sure:

“How likely is it that alien probe would be on one of these co-orbitals, obviously extremely unlikely.

“But if it costs very little to go take a look, why not? Even if we don’t find E.T., we might find something of interest.”

Finding the Bugs

 

Operating from the premise that extraterrestrials are indeed watching us, all we have to do is find the hidden bugs. How would that be done? Dr. Benford has a suggestion:

 

“Earth’s closest star other than the sun right now is Alpha Centauri, 4.37 light-years away. But every half million years or so, a star comes within about a light-year of Earth, Benford said, meaning that hundreds or thousands of stars (and their possible attendant planets) have been close enough to our planet during Earth’s long history to make contact. Long-ago aliens may have observed nothing more exciting than photosynthesizing bacteria, or dinosaurs if they were lucky. But their probes could still be sitting on the co-orbital surface. “‘This is essentially extraterrestrial archaeology I’m talking about,’ Benford said.”

Related: Scientists call for testing new uncontaminated Moon rock samples for extraterrestrial life

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This little guy may be watching our every move. (Via Pixabay)

Benford suggests we need to use optical and radio telescopes as well as pinging co-orbitals with planetary radar to see if his theory is confirmed. Sending small spacecrafts would also be feasible and not too expensive, he adds. China is already planning to send a spacecraft to explore a near-Earth asteroid and an odd rock in the asteroid belt as soon at 2022:

“Seeking signs of intelligent extraterrestrials close to Earth is informative even if the search comes up empty, Benford said. That no one’s heard or seen any extraterrestrial signals in 50 years or so doesn’t mean much, given the mind-boggling time span of Earth’s history. A lack of evidence spanning hundreds, millions or even billions of years would be much more convincing.

“‘If we don’t find anything, that means no one has come to look at the life of Earth for over billions of years,’ Benford said. “‘That is a big surprise, a stunning thing.’”

Other surprises may await us once our search begins. All the more reason to see what we can find.

 

Here’s more on SETI (Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence):

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqC3VbDDEHQ


Featured Image Via Pixabay

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Del. trooper’s killing at DMV was ‘deliberate and targeted attack’ on police, investigators say

The gunman had posted online that he believed he was being surveilled by law enforcement before carrying out the attack that killed Cpl. Matthew Snook, the state’s homicide unit said

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BWC: Suspect fires at San Diego officer during foot pursuit

Bodycam video shows the officer returning fire after the suspect, a convicted felon, shot at him during a pursuit through Balboa Park

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A Mesopotamian deity worshipped for creating humans and his hybrid dragon –in the Bible?

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/embed/qi-Q1Vr7B8A?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1

The ancient texts of Mesopotamia are undergoing a revival, as ancient astronaut theorists look at them for clues about our true origins. While the texts are dismissed as mere mythology by mainstream scholars, these theorists are looking at the words with fresh eyes and open minds.

Perhaps there is more to these texts that scholars brushed aside too readily? Meanwhile, similar texts are viewed as unquestionable and Holy by millions of religious people today. As in the older stories, sometimes those texts feature stories of supernatural beings from other worlds, monstrous people and animals, not to mention advanced technology.

It’s fascinating to look at the intersections of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Bible. The stories overlap, and when they do they are sometimes considered  Apocrypha, or “hidden.”

Previously, we looked at the story of 4 Baruch. It’s one such hidden story of an eagle messenger that could resurrect the dead. The story also features a clear case of time dilation similar to the famous American folklore of Rip Van Winkle.

Now, we’ll look at another story connected to “the most prestigious god of the Mesopotamian pantheon,” Marduk, and his dragon. Now this story, also considered apocryphal, is “Bel and the Dragon” in the extended Book of Daniel. The story considered apocryphal in the Protestant Bible but lived on in the King James Bible.

Marduk and pet
Marduk and his dragon, Mušḫuššu, from a Babylonian cylinder seal, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain

Who is Bel?

The Bible story features an idol of Bel, or “lord” whose name in ancient Mesopotamia was Marduk, son of the god of wisdom Enki. This name should be familiar. Why? He’s associated with Zeus by the Greeks. His temple may be quite famous in another Bible story. (See below)

Marduk, who was later known as Bel, was worshipped almost in a monotheistic sense in Mesopotamia. Then, invading armies would do their best to erase all traces of him from history. His statue became so important that it was repeatedly stolen and restored to ancient Babylon.

“Marduk was regarded as the creator of the heavens and earth, co-creator with Enki of human beings, and originator of divine order following his victory over the forces of chaos led by the goddess Tiamat. Once he legitimized his rule, he conferred upon the other gods their various duties and responsibilities and organized both the world and the netherworld.”

According to the Ancient History Encyclopedia:

Marduk was the patron god of Babylon, the Babylonian king of the gods, who presided over justice, compassion, healing, regeneration, magic, and fairness, although he is also sometimes referenced as a storm god and agricultural deity. His temple, the famous ziggurat described by Herodotus, is considered the model for the biblical Tower of Babel.”

“The Greeks associated him with Zeus and the Romans with Jupiter. He is depicted as a human in royal robes, carrying a snake-dragon and a spade. Marduk seems to have originated from a local deity known as Asarluhi, a farmer’s god symbolized by the spade, known as a marru, which continued as part of his iconography. Marduk’s name, however, though linked to the marru, translates as ‘bull-calf,’ although he was commonly referred to simply as Bel (Lord). Far from the local deity he sprang from, Marduk would become the most prestigious god of the Mesopotamian pantheon.”

Bel’s dragon

Marduk’s son, Nabu, became “the most important god of the Babylonians,” and was associated with the Egyptian god, Thoth. Both Marduk and Nabu were associated with a snake-dragon known as the Mushussu Dragon. You can see the ‘dragon’ on the famous reconstructed Ishtar Gate initially constructed by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II circa 575 BCE. It initially was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World along with the King’s Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which no longer exists.

Ishtar Gate at Berlin Museum
Ishtar Gate in the Pergamon Berlin Museum via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)
Mushkhushu
The Mushussu Dragon via Wikimedia Commons 

The Mushussu Dragon was alive in the story from the Bible, while Bel was a statue considered protective and of great importance. The hybrid dragon was not as we would expect a dragon to look. It has talons of an eaglelion-like forelimbs, a long neck and tail, a horned head, and a snake-like tongue, and a crest. 

The dragon wasn’t like the fire-breathing kind we know from the movies but shared much in common with dragons from other ancient stories around the world. Some cryptozoologists suggest the dragon from this Bible story was a real-life creature, known as the now-extinct Sivatherium

These strange creatures were an extinct genus of enormous giraffids that ranged throughout Africa to the Indian subcontinent that may have still been around until 8,000 years ago. The species seems to be a subject of cave paintings in Saharan Africa, and when you see what it looked like, it does look like Marduk’s dragon. (see video below)

 

MEPAN Sivatherium
Sivatherium by Hiuppo via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 3.0

See much more about the fascinating Silvatherium from the Extinction Blog below:

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKxQGe98UMs

 

Bel and the Dragon

What happened to the dragon in the Bible story? Well, nothing good, that’s for sure. Daniel decides to kill it in a very peculiar way. First, Daniel convinces the Persian King (who had taken over) that worshipping Bel was wrong as idol worship. Bel’s followers were secretly consuming food left for the statue, and this was so egregious that the King slaughtered them for it and destroyed the statue of Bel.

See a cartoon version of Bel and the Dragon with the idol of Bel as a head from Easter Island (!).

The news so distressed the people of Babylon that Daniel was thrown into a den of lions to die, which as you know he miraculously doesn’t. The story becomes the familiar “Daniel in the Lions’ Den.”

Today, the Bible tells the little-known story of the ‘heroic’ slaying of a seemingly harmless dragon, and the moral of the story that worshipping Bel was not the true religion. That narrative continues today, but in looking back, we see the ancient stories through a modern lens and with renewed interest. Instead of slaying the proverbial dragon, maybe it’s time to take a closer look?

In the second part of the video, we get to the dragon, which was not an idol but a real biblical creature -at least until Daniel was done with him.

YouTube Video Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjwT7PP5sfQ


Featured image: Dragon of Marduk by Kent Wang via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0) with Sivatherium by Hiuppo via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 3.0 

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