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To measure a black hole’s ultimate spin, we have to go to space

Despite their depiction as massive monsters that simply suck in everything, including light, astronomers know black holes actually spin. And they spin really, really quickly. Determining just how quickly is key to understanding how they affect their immediate vicinity...

Spiral arms and bars are galactic fuel pumps for star formation

Peak star formation took place during cosmic noon, between 2–3 billion years after the Big Bang. The star formation rate (SFR) back then was up to 100 times greater than it is today. For the SFR to be so high, gas had to move through galaxies efficiently. Go to...